Thursday, May 6, 2010

Bystander Effect a Social Psychology Phenomenon Seen Last Week

Stabbed 'Samaritan' left to die by passer-by

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The bystander effect is a social psychological phenomenon that refers to cases where individuals do not offer help in an emergency situation when other people are present. The probability of help has in the past been thought to be inversely proportional to the number of bystanders; in other words, the greater the number of bystanders, the less likely it is that any one of them will help. This has never been conclusively proven beyond the basic research and cases given here (with some research refuting the effect for certain situations, such as emergency services reporting.

Aronson, E., Akert, R. D., and Wilson, T. D. (2006). Social psychology (6th Ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
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Wednesday, May 5, 2010

Your Next Computer May Know How You Feel

Your Next Computer May Know How You Feel

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Set the Tivo/DVRs 'Science of Interrogation' on National Geographic Channel 5AM Tomorrow Morning

Thursday 6th May 2010
5:00am Science of Interrogation on National Geographic Channel◦
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Joe Navarro Talks About A Simple Way to Settle Down a Tense Situation.




Joe Navarro has a new book, Louder Than Words: Take Your Career from Average to Exceptional with the Hidden Power of Nonverbal Intelligence

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Tuesday, May 4, 2010

Turning Away from the Kiss

Gala Spa Awards 2010

Model Crystal Renn and stylist Armin Morbach attend the Gala Spa Award at Brenner's Park Hotel on March 20, 2010 in Baden Baden, Germany.
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Monday, May 3, 2010

Daniel Jackson Dangerous Intent Facial Expression

AFL Rd 4 - Tigers v Demons

Daniel Jackson of the Tigers remonstrates with Jordie McKenzie of the Demons after he clashed with Ben Nason of the Tigers during the round four AFL match between the Richmond Tigers and the Melbourne Demons at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on April 18, 2010 in Melbourne, Australia.

Even though the violence has already began, rest assured this is the same expression he had on his face immediately prior to the confrontation. See the intensity in the eyes, nature like exposing of the teeth, forward leaning head, all sign to be on the lookout for when evaluating if a person is ready to strike out.◦
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Sunday, May 2, 2010

Why a Hand in the Pocket Makes Us Nervous

The British Inspiration Awards - Arrivals

Gareth Pugh arrives for The British Inspiration Awards on April 23, 2010 in London, England.

Take a look at the above picture. We do not like to see another person with a hand in their pocket because at any moment it could be removed from the pocket and what if there is something in their hand, like a weapon?

People from the days of the Roman Empire have concealed weapons, so whenever we cannot see the hands something in our survivalist brains puts us on guard. This is why the secret service does not allow people, even on a cold day, to have their hands in their pockets.◦
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Shutting Eyes in Confrontation

Gordon Brown Meets Locals In Wales On His Election Tour

Conservative and Labour supporters clash as they wave placards at the car carrying British Prime Minister Gordon Brown after talking to party supporters at a private residence on April 21, 2010 in Cardiff, United Kingdom. The General Election, to be held on May 6, 2010 is set to be one of the most closely fought political contests in recent times with all main party leaders embarking on a four week campaign to win the votes of the United Kingdom electorate.

Rest assured the photographer did not capture this person in a blink. She has purposely closed her eyes and moved her head backward subconsciously as a way to protect herself.

It is not often in today's world where we are tested and can know if we are "fight or flight" by nature. The person in the above photograph is in the flight mode; if she had been in the fight mode her eyes would have been open wide and she would be leaning towards the conflict instead of away.◦
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Saturday, May 1, 2010


Raw Video Interview with Tonya Craft

Drew, Thank you very much for find these videos; I could only find news stories where she was not speaking.

From a statement analysis perspective I was bothered by the fact she never directly denies the allegations, instead less forcefully she says no matter what the jury decides it doesn't change the fact about her innocence. Innocence and guilt are legal terms, and it would have been more honest- from a statement analysis perspective- if she had said she did not molest/touch these girls in an inappropriate manner.

When a person makes statements where the expectation is that they will be found guilty, before they are convicted can be a sign they have intellectually realized they are not going to get away with the crime; while a totally innocent person would always believe there could be no way they could be convicted of something they did not do.

When seeing it again, I am also bothered that she shows more emotion talking about the impact to her family. When entrenched in a legal battle concerning a criminal act that could result in spending the rest of your life in prison, you tend to ignore family and concentrate on yourself- your total energy is focused on making sure you are not going to wind up in jail for something you did not do. The heightened emotion could be for other reasons, like guilt, but there is no way to truly know.

When asked about why she considered becoming a lawyer it is the most telling part of the interview that could easily be missed. She states she wants to change the laws to protect her children- presumably children who are taken away from their mother when charged with a crime. This obviously is the biggest impact to her in this whole ordeal. Wouldn't the biggest impact be, being wrongly accused of a crime. She is a smart person, that is clear. She worked in education where there are very clear laws and rules designed to protect the children she comes in contact with as a teacher. If she see signs of abuse with any of the children she teaches, by law she would have to report what she sees. She has to understand that the laws are designed to protect the children from harm. At some level, wouldn't it be more genuine if she would have said I want to make sure what is happening to me doesn't happen to someone else- being falsely accused; and/or to make sure the laws protect the children; make sure everyone is more educated about the possibility of child memories (all she stated is very true in regard to statements made by children and this will likely be her defense, especially given the fact one was an actress portraying sexual abuse making false memories even more of a possibility) as it relates to legal proceedings.

I can also tell you why everyone is divided to her guilt or innocence. She has a way of answering questions in a manner that strikes a cord with everyday people. It is a common plot theme in fiction, Mr. or Ms. Normal American Citizen suddenly, without warning, is blindsided and forced into an epic battle- If you are old enough to remember the movie 'North by Northwest' where Hudson starts the day normally and through no fault of his own is caught you in a complicated spy thriller. When she answers questions she can answer them in a way that conveys it could have just as easily happened to you; and you have no control over it- not a situation anyone would want to be in. She also is pretty and looks innocent, Cornell Study: Juries Convict Attractive People Less Often

I would have liked for her to take a polygraph, her answer, while plausible (shown in the first video) still doesn't change the fact that the police offered her to take a polygraph and if she passed she would not be charged (not charged immediately anyway, cops language is a whole different article). Since she is from a small community, had she passed the polygraph there would be a great deal more support for her. Polygraphs have legal problems, but the shear willingness and confidence to take a polygraph test, in my book, says more than passing or failing the actual test.

Conclusion time. I simply do not know for sure and I would not want to be on the jury. I am conflicted by her lack of confidence from a statement analysis perspective. I would love to speak with the detectives to get their first impressions, any video or recordings of interviews with Tonya- too much time has passed- but if we could see that initial interview footage I'd think it would be clear if she was guilty. With deception we can never be 100% sure, but with this case I am willing to say the charges are more likely to have happened but given the law and the problem with false memories of children it is likely we will never know for certain without seeing Tonya when first confronted with these allegations.

Footnote: Since I occasionally coach reporters when interviewing people like Tonya there were a couple of mistakes made by the reporter. When you look at the raw footage notice:

- On a couple of occasions the reporter actually interrupts Tonya- interrupting an interviewee is something we should never do.
- The interviewer uses more words and takes longer to ask sensitive questions, this shows a lack of confidence on the part of the reporter and this puts the interviewee on guard. It is natural to do this in everyday conversations, but reporters have to be more straight forward and aggressive. Deliver these like the other questions: short, sweet, and open ended. Prepare all your questions before hand!

One big PLUS and compliment for the interviewer is at the end, she asks if there was a question that she didn't expect or hits close to home (I do not know for sure what was asked, it was hard to hear) at which point, Tonya thinking the interview was basically over gave a more animated, unrehearsed answer. To any reporter reading this- do this with every sit down interview, and keep it going as long as possible... the interview isn't over until the mics are off and the person is out of the shot, only then is it over.◦
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FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - April 2010: Confessions and the Constitution

If you work in law enforcement and question and interrogate people you should read this latest article in the FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - April 2010

Confessions and the Constitution:
The Remedy for Violating Constitutional Safeguards

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